The Interagency Advisory Panel on Research Ethics PREScope and Approach. Introduction. A. Scope of Research Ethics Review. B. Approach to Research Ethics Board Review. Introduction. The purpose of this Policy, as set out in Chapter 1, is to establish principles to guide the design, ethical conduct and ethics review process of research involving humans. This chapter outlines the scope of application of the Policy and the approach to research ethics review that flows from the core principles Respect for Persons, Concern for Welfare, and Justice. The preferred approach to research ethics review is a proportionate approach. The research ethics board REB tailors the level of scrutiny by an REB to the level of risk presented by the research, and assesses the ethical acceptability of the research through consideration of the foreseeable risks, the potential benefits and the ethical implications of the research, both at the stage of the initial REB review and throughout the life of the project continuing ethics review. The establishment, governance, jurisdiction and composition of REBs, and operational issues related to their functioning are addressed in Chapter 6. A. Scope of Research Ethics Review. The following article defines the general categories of research that require REB review in accordance with this Policy, subject to the exceptions set out further on in this Policy. These exceptions are distinct from research that is exempt from REB review, as described in Articles 2. Article 2. 1 The following requires ethics review and approval by an REB before the research commences research involving living human participants research involving human biological materials, as well as human embryos, fetuses, fetal tissue, reproductive materials and stem cells. This applies to materials derived from living and deceased individuals. Application The scope of this Policy is restricted to the review of the ethical conduct of research involving humans. You may have arrived at this page because you followed a link to one of our old platforms that cannot be redirected. Cambridge Core is the new academic platform from. The scope of REB review is limited to those activities defined in this Policy as research involving human participants. For the purposes of this Policy, research is defined as an undertaking intended to extend knowledge through a disciplined inquiry andor systematic investigation. The term disciplined inquiry refers to an inquiry that is conducted with the expectation that the method, results, and conclusions will be able to withstand the scrutiny of the relevant research community. For example, a study seeking to explore the narratives of teens coping with mental illness would be evaluated by the established standards of studies employing similar methods, technologies andor theoretical frameworks. A determination that research is the intended purpose of the undertaking is key for differentiating activities that require ethics review by an REB and those that do not see Article 2. In some cases it can be difficult to make this distinction, underscoring the need to have reviewers or ad hoc advisors see Article 6. Article 6. 5 who can assist with this determination. It is important to note that choice of methodology andor intent or ability to publish findings are not factors that determine whether or not an activity is research requiring ethics review. For the purposes of this Policy, human participants referred to as participants are those individuals whose data, or responses to interventions, stimuli or questions by the researcher, are relevant to answering the research question. Human participants are unique among the many parties involved in research, because they bear the primary risks of the research. These individuals are often referred to as research subjects. This Policy prefers the term participant because it better reflects the spirit behind the core principles that individuals who choose to participate in research play a more active role than the term subject conveys. As well, it reflects the range of research covered by this Policy, and the varied degree of involvement by participants including the use of their data or human biological materials that different types of research offer. The core principles of this Policy Respect for Persons, Concern for Welfare, and Justice help to shape the relationship between researchers and participants. Canadian Tuberculosis Standards 7th Edition 2014 Chapter 4 Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection. BibMe Free Bibliography Citation Maker MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard. Where researchers seek to collect, use, share and access different types of information or data about participants, they are expected to determine whether the information or data proposed in research may reasonably be expected to identify an individual. For the purposes of this Policy, researchers and REBs shall consider whether information is identifiable or non identifiable. Information is identifiable if it may reasonably be expected to identify an individual, when used alone or combined with other available information. Information is non identifiable if it does not identify an individual, for all practical purposes, when used alone or combined with other available information. The term personal information generally denotes identifiable information about an individual. The assessment of whether information is identifiable is made in the context of a specific research project. Guidance on the assessment of the potential for information to identify an individual is addressed in this Policy in Chapter 5, Section A. In some cases, research may involve interaction with individuals who are not themselves the focus of the research in order to obtain information. For example, one may collect information from authorized personnel to release information or data in the ordinary course of their employment about organizations, policies, procedures, professional practices or statistical reports. Such individuals are not considered participants for the purposes of this Policy. This is distinct from situations where individuals are considered participants because they are themselves the focus of the research. For example, individuals who are asked for their personal opinions about organizations, or who are observed in their work setting for the purposes of research, are considered participants. For the purposes of this Policy, human biological materials include tissues, organs, blood, plasma, serum, DNA, RNA, proteins, cells, skin, hair, nail clippings, urine, saliva and other body fluids. Materials related to human reproduction include embryos, fetuses, fetal tissues and human reproductive materials. Embryo means a human organism during the first 5. Fetus means a human organism during the period of its development beginning on the 5. Fetal tissue includes membranes, placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid and other tissue that contains genetic information about the fetus. Human reproductive materials mean a sperm, ovum or other human cell, or a human gene, as well as a part of any of them. The term human biological materials may be considered, for the purposes of this Policy, to include materials related to human reproduction. The last section of Chapter 1. When in doubt about the applicability of this Policy to a particular research project, the researcher shall seek the opinion of the REB. The REB makes the final decision on exemption from research ethics review. Research Exempt from REB Review. Some research is exempt from REB review where protections are available by other means. This Policy allows the following exemptions from the requirement for REB review, as outlined below. Article 2. 2 Research that relies exclusively on publicly available information does not require REB review when the information is legally accessible to the public and appropriately protected by law orthe information is publicly accessible and there is no reasonable expectation of privacy. Application For the purposes of this Policy, publicly available information is any existing stored documentary material, records or publications, which may or may not include identifiable information. Some types of information are legally accessible to the public in a certain form and for a certain purpose, as specified by law or regulations registries of deaths, court judgments, or public archives and publicly available statistics e. Statistics Canada public use files, for example. In Canada, all publicly available archives national, provincial or municipal have policies governing access to their records.
0 Comments
Download a free trial or buy Adobe products. Digital photo processing and editing. JavaScript is currently disabled in your browser and is required to download Adobe AIR. The Adobe AIR runtime enables developers to package the same code into native. T. U. B. E. Various FLAC1.The January 1.Godfather Boxset.Robert Plant vocal.Jimmy Page guitar.John Paul Jones bass.John Bonham drumslineagetorrent from tracker silvers Flac full au.Bullet For My Valentine The Poison Deluxe Edition Blogspot TemplateCdtect logs included Md.Ascension In The Wane CD 0.Oxford Blues Oxford, 1.Rock And Roll.Bullet For My Valentine The Poison Deluxe Edition Blogspot Search' title='Bullet For My Valentine The Poison Deluxe Edition Blogspot Search' />Over The Hills And Far Away.Black Dog.Misty Mountain Hop.Since Ive Been Loving You.Dancing Days. 7 Ati Edition 2010 X86 And X64 Means . Bron Yr Aur Stomp.The Song Remains The Same.The Rain Song.Ascension In The Wane CD 0.Oxford Blues Oxford, 1.Dazed And Confused.Stairway To Heaven.Whole Lotta Love.Ascension In The Wane CD 0.One For The M6 Liverpool, 1.Over The Hills And Far Away.Black Dog.Misty Mountain Hop.Since Ive Been Loving You.Dancing Days.Bron Yr Aur Stomp.The Song Remains The Same.The Rain Song.Dazed And Confused.Ascension In The Wane CD 0.One For The M6 Liverpool, 1.Stairway To Heaven.Whole Lotta Love.Heartbreaker.The Ocean. Ascension In The Wane CD 0.Groovin In The Garden Stoke, 1.Rock And Roll.Over The Hills And Far Away.Black Dog.Misty Mountain Hop.Since Ive Been Loving You.Dancing Days.Bron Yr Aur Stomp.The Song Remains The Same.The Rain Song.Ascension In The Wane CD 0.Groovin In The Garden Stoke, 1.Dazed And Confused.Stairway To Heaven.Whole Lotta Love.Ascension In The Wane CD 0.The Black Hole of Calcutta Southampton, 1.Rock And Roll.Bullet For My Valentine The Poison Deluxe Edition Blogspot BlogsOver The Hills And Far Away.Black Dog.Misty Mountain Hop.Since Ive Been Loving You.Dancing Days.The Song Remains The Same.The Rain Song.Scjp 6 Dumps With Explanation Download Adobe on this page.Dazed And Confused.Ascension In The Wane CD 0.The Black Hole of Calcutta Southampton, 1.Stairway To Heaven.Whole Lotta Love.Heartbreaker.Metal, Melodic Rock, AOR, Hard Rock, Prog, Classic Rock news, reviews, samples, video and more.For everyone who has problems or doesnt know how to unpack z01, z02, files, follow this simple procedure install the latest version of winzip or winrar, open only.SecurityStudy.Schierke am Brocken Mitten im Nationalpark Harz und ist Ausgangspunkt fr eine Brocken Tour.Thank You.How Many More Times.Communication Breakdown.Ascension In The Wane CD 0.Odds and Ends, part 1 Bradford, 1.Dazed And Confused.Whole Lotta Love.Immigrant Song.Ascension In The Wane CD 1.Odds and Ends, part 2 Dundee, 1.Southampton, 1.Whole Lotta Love.Heartbreaker.Communication Breakdown.Drums Mellotron tuning.Love Me.Frankfurt Special AKA Station Blues0.King Creole. A web vulnerability scanner allows the user to identify any weaknesses in their website architecture which might aid a hacker.They are then given the full details of.Now I wouldnt say all these nice things about the 1000X headphone family if I didnt mean it.Having tested dozens of different wireless headphone models, I can.Vmware Workstation 8 0 Full Tested Variable DefinitionTomorrow is Lipstick Day and M.A. C. is giving away free full tubes of the stuff to celebrate.You dont have to buy anything, just show up at one of their U.S. The National Radio Quiet Zone NRQZ is a 13,000squaremile area in West Virginia, Virginia, and part of Maryland that heavily restricts radio transmissions and.Vmware Workstation 8 0 Full Tested Variable' title='Vmware Workstation 8 0 Full Tested Variable' />M.A. C. is Giving Away Free Lipstick Tomorrow.Tomorrow is Lipstick Day and M.A. C. is giving away free full tubes of the stuff to celebrate.You dont have to buy anything, just show up at one of their U.S. stores and pick a color.Id try to get there early though, as supplies are limited.Virtual machine introspection towards bridging the semantic gap Journal of Cloud Computing.Memory introspection.Memory introspection deals with live memory analysis.When the OS is running, all the important data structures are in the main memory.The main memory contains process control blocks PCBs, registry entries, loadable kernel modules, kernel data structures and page tables, etc.The main memory also contains pages related to data segments and code segments of the process being executed.Information related to the OS can be retrieved by examining the content of the main memory.The majority of malware analysis tools inspect program behaviour by examining main memory contents of the given program.A variety of VMI techniques are available to access the main memory of a guest VM from a secure VM.These can be used for tasks such as intrusion detection or process analysis of the guest VM.A range of memory based VMI techniques are summarised in the remainder of this section.Introspection using Xen libraries.A guest VM can be introspected from a privileged domain Dom 0 associated with a Xen hypervisor 7.Dom 0 is a control domain of Xen, and it provides access to every data structure, driver and library implemented by Xen.Xen. The memory of the guest VM can be monitored using the function xcmapforeignrange, which belongs to the same library.A special high performance disk driver named blktap made for Xens paravirtualised guest VMs monitors disk access and data transfer.In the case of a guest VM, memory access needs to address translation from the virtual to the physical address and then again from the physical to the machine address.Xen has implemented shadow page tables for the same purpose.The introspection of a paravirtualised guest VM is possible using libxc, a blktap driver and the xen store library.XenAccess 1. 3 is a good demonstration of memory and disk introspection with the Xen hypervisor.The introspection code remains safe, as it resides in a secure VM Dom 0.However, there is a possibility that malware could change the kernel data structure, causing XenAccess to produce irrelevant results.XenAccess has achieved performance improvement in memory access by caching Xen Store mapping on a least recently used LRU basis, which is analogous to translation look aside buffers TLB.Xen Access provides very limited traces of file access, with only the creation and the deletion of a file traceable.XenAccess also provides very limited support for hardware virtualisation machine HVM domains.This restricts its widespread application to OSs.IO Introspection.IO introspection deals with device drivers and other utility hardware communications.Anubis 1. 4 is the technique suggested for VM introspection from outside of it.This method is the successor of Anubis and exclusively monitors Windows device drivers and kernel behaviour.It generates a detailed report of malware activities on machines running Windows.It is claimed that it detects kernel patching, call hooking and direct kernel object manipulation DKOM.For kernel side malicious code, the analysis needs to be performed at a higher privileged level than the privilege level of the kernel itself.It is only possible via out of the VM analysis as a hypervisor is available at the higher privileged level than a kernel of the guest OS.The focus of d. Anubis is on monitoring all communication channels between the rootkit device driver affected by a rootkit and the rest of the system.All necessary information, such as exported symbols, data structure and layouts are extracted from the Windows OS.To reconstruct the necessary information, kernel symbols and data structures are extracted from the Windows OS by using a technique mentioned by 1.Anubis has been proposed for detailed analysis of rootkits.This tool is capable of conducting memory analysis and detecting attacks, such as call table hooking, DKOM, runtime patching and hardware access.Stimulator Malware is activated by some triggering event.Anubis has a stimulator engine that generates such events.Anubis works only on Windows OS.It is a malware analysis engine and not a malware detection engine.System call introspection.The system call is a request by program for service from the kernel.The service is generally something that only the kernel has the privilege to perform, such as doing IO. Bob Marley Three Little Birds Midi Download Mac here. Hence, system calls play a very important role in events such as context switching, memory access, page table access and interrupt handling.In case of the virtualisation technology VT support 1.VM to the hypervisor and vice versa is managed by special system calls.To maintain the integrity of the system, specific system calls are banned from execution by a guest VM.Introspection using virtualization support.It has already been shown 1.VT microprocessor support features can be used for introspection activities.Useful information related to guest VM implementation can be retrieved by monitoring the VM control structure VMCS of the processor.This region is dedicated to handling virtualisation support.Intels VT supported microprocessors have two modes of operation VMX root operation and VMX non root operation.The VMX root operation is intended for hypervisor use.The VMX non root operation provides an alternative IA 3.There are two transitions associated with these two operation modes 1 a transition from the VMX root operation to the VMX non root operation i.VM called hypervisor entry and 2 a transition from the VMX non root operation to the VMX root operation i.The CR3 register is responsible for holding the page table address for currently running processes.Access to the CR3 register by the guest VM causes hypervisor exit.The hypervisor based VMI module handles the hypervisor exit.A communication channel is opened between the VMI module in a secure VM and the VMI module in the hypervisor by setting a covert channel for communication.The channel is set through the VMCS region using an IO bitmap.On receiving the CR3 change signal, the VMI module obtains access to the page tables.This enables tracking of current processes that are being executed.Aquarius demonstrates the application of Intel VT and AMD technologies for effective out of VM introspection.Bit Visor 1. 8 hypervisor was used for introspection purposes.Some modifications were made to the Bit Visor to inspect the guests system call activities.Introspection by hardware rooting.An introspection approach that relies only on guest OS knowledge might face attacks that change the architecture of the guest OS.Hardware rooting offers a solution to this type of attack, preventing malware from ever changing the structures of virtual hardware.Any trace which begins from hardware assistance has very less probability of such attacks.The hardware rooting mechanism thwarts possible kernel data structure attacks mentioned in Section Kernel structure manipulation.Hardware rooting exploits system call trapping using an interrupt descriptor table register IDTR and an interrupt descriptor table.The IDTR value is set by the processor.Genuine interrupt descriptor table gets accessed using system call trapping.Every time the value of the CR3 register needs to be changed, an interrupt needs to be generated.The VMI method traces this interrupt to detect process switching.In this way, the value of the CR3 register, along with the value of the first valid entry in the corresponding top level page directory, is accessed.The value of CR3 register is unique for every process.It helps to identify the required process executing inside the VM.Nitro 3 is another tool based on the hardware rooting technique.Nitro claims to work on any operating system and have defined rules for OS portability.The unique feature of Nitro is its rule set.Simple changes in a rule set enable it to work with almost any available OS.These rules have provision for determining locations of system call arguments, variables, etc.The locations of these arguments is variable according to the implementation of the OS.Generally, they reside in stack or CPU registers.Nitro has modified QEMU 1.KVM VMM 1. 0. All administrative commands to Nitro are given through the same monitor that is used by the KVM hypervisor.It is stealthier to direct kernel structure manipulation DKSM 1.CPU data structures.Importantly, its performance is dramatically improved compared to its predecessor, Ether 2. Mr. Bean Coleo Completa 1. INFORMAESTitulo Original The Best of Mr. Bean. Lanamento 1. Gnero Comdia. Formato AVIIdioma Ingls Legenda SLTamanho 2. MB APRX. Qualidade de Audio 1. Qualidade de Video 1. Episdio COMPLETOSINOPSE Ator, escritor, diretor e produtor, o britnico Rowan Atkinson tornou se mundialmente famoso ao criar a srie Mr. Bean. Embora Atkinson tenha estreado no cinema em 1. Monty Python Meets Beyond the Fringe, o personagem Bean s surgiu em 1. O programa foi um sucesso imediato, permanecendo no ar com episdios inditos durante seis anos. Em cada um, AtkinsonBean no fala uma s palavra e assim mesmo arranca gargalhadas a partir das confuses em que o personagem se mete. Mr. Bean Coleo Completa 1. DVDRip Torrent Download. 67, 43. The Best Video Game Handguns.If youve played video games, youve encountered a handgun.In the right game, a handgun can be an object of menace or empowerment.But video games often treat them as a starter weapon to be replaced as soon as possible.What makes for a great video game handgun A Brief History Lesson.Handguns are among the oldest type of firearms.Originating in ancient China as small hand cannons, guns eventually evolved into muzzle loaders, like those seen in Assassins Creed.IV Black Flag, then revolvers, like most of the handguns in Red Dead Redemption, and eventually semi automatic pistols, like the M1.This article may be too long to read and navigate comfortably.Please consider splitting content into subarticles, condensing it, or adding or removing subheadings.Call of Duty and Medal of Honor.Police forces started equipping guns in the 1.When World War I came to a close, weapons manufacturers turned to the police to maintain their sales.Firearms and police forces have been closely connected ever since.Handguns are almost as old as video games themselves.What may have been the first video game handgun appeared in Taitos 1.Western Gun, a Wild West themed game where players shot at each other with revolvers.Crack De Doom 3 Resurrection Of Evil Levels' title='Crack De Doom 3 Resurrection Of Evil Levels' />Other early examples of handguns include Nintendos 1.Western game Sheriff, Capcoms 1.Latest environmental news, features and updates.Pictures, video and more.Gun.Smoke, and Konamis 1.Sunset Riders.Castle Wolfenstein, most notable for being the earliest stealth game, begins with a dying prisoner handing the player a gun they stole from the guards.In gameplay, the gun appears to be a handgun of some kind, most likely a Luger pistol.As games grew in sophistication and platforms grew in power, handguns became firmly entrenched in video game design.How Handguns Work.Whether its Dooms classic pistol or Bloody Marys Smith Wesson Model 2.The Wolf Among Us, handguns are ubiquitous video games.The appeal is obvious handguns are small, portable, and easily concealed.When a villain reveals the gun hidden in his coat, its a moment of surprise.When a gunslinger draws on his opponent and wins the duel, its thrilling.Its a lot harder to hide a rifle or draw a shotgun quickly.While there have been a staggering variety of handguns throughout the centuries, the most common types in games are revolvers and pistols, though the term pistol is often used synonymously with all handguns.Handguns start with a round, or cartridge, which consists of a case, the bullet, a primer, and the propellant.The cartridge is inserted into the chamber.Pulling the trigger causes the firing pin to strike the cartridge, which causes the primer to ignite the propellant.The expanding gases from the propellant push the bullet through the barrel of the gun, sending the bullet towards its target.The difference between a revolver and a pistol is in the way they chamber bullets.A revolver features a cylinder, which is usually loaded with six rounds, though there have been rare, unsuccessful variants over the years with as many as 3.When you pull the trigger, the cylinder rotates and the hammer pulls back.When you let go, the hammer strikes, firing the round.When you pull again, the cylinder rotates, and so on.Heres a detailed video demonstrating the entire process.Pistols work differently.Rather than a cylinder, the pistols rounds are loaded into a magazine, which is usually inserted into the pistols grip.A round cant be fired until its chambered, or transferred from the magazine to the chamber.Pull the trigger, fire a round, chamber a new round, pull the trigger again.If youve played a lot of games, especially shooters, youre probably familiar with the basic pistol archetypes.From Half Life to Gears of War to Destiny, revolvers are portrayed as slow firing, powerful weapons, while pistols are portrayed as weaker but faster firing.This is a myth, because plenty of things can hamper a revolvers power, and in some cases revolvers can fire just as fast as pistols.Power has nothing to do with the way the round is chambered.A rounds power is determined largely by its kinetic force, and that force is determined by the round itself, based on the mass of the bullet and the power of the propellant.So why do shooters perpetuate these myths about how handguns work How Handguns Work In Shooters.Most shooter design can be traced, in some way, back to Doom, ids seminal 1.Doom cemented basic shooter weapon archetypes in video games the pistol, the shotgun, the automatic rifle, and the rocket launcher.In Doom, the pistol fired a single shot, the shotgun fired multiple pellets at once, the plasma rifle and chaingun fired multiple shots in quick succession, and the rocket launcher fired a single shot that did explosive splash damage.Nba 2K10 Free Download For Pc Cracking '>Nba 2K10 Free Download For Pc Cracking . Editable Interactive Europe Powerpoint Mapping . C Program To Restart Windows Remotely more. RIP, Microsoft Paint. MS Paint, the first app you used for editing images, will probably be killed off in future updates of Windows 1. Paint 3. D. Microsoft lists the 3. Windows 1. 0s next autumn update, a little X marking the end of an era. The app is certainly a relic, from a time when the casual computer user couldnt crack open Photoshop or Skitch or Pixelmator or thousands of web apps. MS Paint cant save image components as layers or vectors its for making flat static images only. It doesnt smooth lines or guess at your best intentions. Download the free trial version below to get started. Doubleclick the downloaded file to install the software. Online payment facility Other Payment Options Home Businesses, Agents and Trade Professionals Cargo support, trade and goods Paying invoices to the. And dont get clever with thematic or personally meaningful passwords. Sometimes humans do try to crack passwords, so dont help them out by using your sons. Top VIdeos. Warning Invalid argument supplied for foreach in srvusersserverpilotappsjujaitalypublicindex. php on line 447. It does what you tell it and nothing more, faithfully representing the herky jerky motion of drawing freehand with a computer mouse. Its from a time before touch, a time before trackpads. As more sophisticated options appeared, Paints janky aesthetic became a conscious choice. Paint became the metonym for that aesthetic, even if an image was actually created in another app. TV Tropes lists major limitations that came to define a certain look the wobbly freehand lines, awkward color handling, and inappropriate export settings that give Paint its distinctive look. In 2. 01. 4, Gawkers Sam Biddle noted Paints influence on conspiracy theory images, calling the form Chart Brut. In amateur detectives attempts at identifying the Boston Marathon bombers, the simplicity and jaggedness of Paint evokes the crazy wall aesthetic of red string and scribbled notes, apparently without irony. The same year, internet historian Patrick Davison explored Paints influence on the last decade of meme culture, particularly Rage Comics. The outsider art aesthetic feels appropriate to the relatable everyday content, and makes the art form unthreatening. Of course, Paint offered a few features to smooth things out, like the circle and line tools and the fill tool, all used in the stoner comics of the early 1. Crucially, those circles still had jagged curves. The bright colors of stoner comics are flat, as MS Paint didnt support gradients without an elaborate hack. Contrast those pixellated lines with the slick, stylish face from this art tutorial This slickness is built into Paints successor, Paint 3. D. From the moment you start sketching, Paint 3. D smooths out your art. It also supports automatic selection tools and content aware fill to rival Photoshops. By automatically improving art, Paint 3. D hides the process behind the image. Paints sloppiness is probably why rage comics got so popular. Looking at a rage comic, you can tell exactly how it was drawn, and how you might draw one yourself. By delivering exactly what the artist draws, MS Paint forms an image that the viewer can mentally reverse engineer and imitate. Unless you go absolutely nuts with it. Reddit user Toweringhorizon painstakingly assembled the drawing To a Little Radio using MS Paint tools like the oil brush, stretching the medium while maintaining a pixelated look. Its one of the top submissions to MS Paint subreddit, a beautiful collaborative art gallery. Scrolling through this art feels like flipping through the sketchbook of the most artistic kid in high school. Theres an accepted roughness, a desired minimalism. For example, the exquisite raindrops in the work above are reflected in a flat, featureless tabletop. Like a transistor radio, Paint might be showing its age, but this tenacious little gadget should not be underestimated. To a Little Radio doesnt even come close to testing Paints limits. As we say goodbye to the app that shaped an era, let us watch this bizarrely soundtracked time lapse of drawing Santa Claus in MS Paint on Windows 7 over the course of 5. We can only believe this is real because faking it would be even harder. FiberglassBased Asphalt Shingles Accessories PROJECT ARCHITECT RESPONSIBILITY This is a general specification guide, intended to be used by experienced construction. How to Find a Leak in a Roof. Home Garden. Exteriors. Roofing. How to Find a Leak in a Roof. By Gary Hedstrom, Peg Hedstrom, Judy Ondrla Tremore How to find a leak in a roof may be the hardest part of fixing a leaky roof. Finding the actual spot where the roof leaks is difficult because water can enter the roof in one place and run down to another before it starts soaking into the ceiling. You know the roof is bad if shingles are missing or obviously damaged, or when water stains the ceiling or walls. TYPAR Weather Resistant Barriers WRB act as air and moisture barriers, while allowing moisture vapor to escape from the wall cavity. Products include Metrowrap and. The goal is to find the leak before the entire roof goes bad. Identifying the true location of roof leaks in the attic. If you have an attic, the easiest way to spot the leak is to up there on a rainy day. Water will reflect light, so bring a flashlight along. Once you locate the source of the water, mark the area. On a nice day, have a helper tap on the mark while youre on the roof. After you pinpoint the location on the exterior of the roof, apply roofing cement or new shingles as needed. If you dont have an attic or just cant find the source of the leak, you can check several places for problems with moisture or damage Boots, the rubber seals that are around the electric service and plumbing vent pipes, air vents, and exhaust fan flashing. Ridge cap. Flashing. Gaskets around pipes. Shingles. Gutters and downspouts. Dormer valleys. Looking for roof leaks on the outside of your house. If you dont want to wait for rain to look for the leak, try bringing the garden hose up on the roof. Run the water over the place where you think the leak might be located. Dont go crazy with the water be sure to start small. Have a helper stationed in the attic with a flashlight looking for moisture. The water will reflect the light and make it easier to see. Microsoft Wikipedia. Microsoft Corporation ,23 abbreviated as MS is an American multinationaltechnology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington. It develops, manufactures, licenses, supports and sells computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and services. A deep purple case with the Taco Bell icon peaking out from the lower right made this particular limited edition console particularly brazen. Instead of just awarding. Welcome to the VA Office of Small And Disadvantaged Business Utilization OSDBU. Noregistration upload of files up to 250MB. Not available in some countries. Microsoft. The fiercely competitive software giant is positioning its wares for cloud computing with software and services. The companys two cash cows operating. Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Officesuite, and the Internet Explorer and Edgeweb browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xboxvideo game consoles and the Microsoft Surface tablet lineup. As of 2. 01. 6, it is the worlds largest software maker by revenue,4 and one of the worlds most valuable companies. 5 The word Microsoft is a portmanteau of microcomputer and software. 6Microsoft was founded by Paul Allen and Bill Gates on April 4, 1. BASICinterpreters for the Altair 8. It rose to dominate the personal computer operating system market with MS DOS in the mid 1. Microsoft Windows. The companys 1. 98. IPO, and subsequent rise in its share price, created three billionaires and an estimated 1. Microsoft employees. Since the 1. 99. 0s, it has increasingly diversified from the operating system market and has made a number of corporate acquisitionstheir largest being the acquisition of Linked. In for 2. 6. 2 billion in December 2. Skype Technologies for 8. May 2. 01. 1. 8As of 2. Microsoft is market dominant in the IBM PC compatible operating system market and the office software suite market, although it has lost the majority of the overall operating system market to Android. 9 The company also produces a wide range of other consumer and enterprise software for desktops and servers, including Internet search with Bing, the digital services market through MSN, mixed reality Holo. Lens, cloud computing Azure and software development Visual Studio. Steve Ballmer replaced Gates as CEO in 2. This began with the acquisition of Danger Inc. June 2. 01. 2 with the launch of the Microsoft Surface line of tablet computers and later forming Microsoft Mobile through the acquisition of Nokias devices and services division. Since Satya Nadella took over as CEO in 2. December 1. 99. 9. 1. Contents. 1History. The founding of Microsoft. Windows and Office. Foray into the Web, Windows 9. Windows XP, and Xbox. Microsoft Azure, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Microsoft Stores. Windows 88. 1, Xbox One, Outlook. Surface devices. 1. Windows 1. 0, Windows 1. Mobile, Microsoft Edge and Holo. Lens. 2Businesses. Corporate affairs. Corporate identity. References. 6External links. History. 19. 721. The founding of Microsoft. Paul Allen and Bill Gates pose for the camera on October 1. PCs after signing a pivotal contract with IBM. 1. Childhood friends Paul Allen and Bill Gates sought to make a successful business utilizing their shared skills in computer programming. 1. In 1. 97. 2 they founded their first company, named Traf O Data, which sold a rudimentary computer to track and analyze automobile traffic data. While Gates enrolled at Harvard, Allen pursued a degree in computer science at Washington State University, though he later dropped out of school to work at Honeywell. 1. The January 1. 97. Popular Electronics featured Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systemss MITS Altair 8. Allen to suggest that they could program a BASICinterpreter for the device. After a call from Gates claiming to have a working interpreter, MITS requested a demonstration. Since they didnt yet have one, Allen worked on a simulator for the Altair while Gates developed the interpreter. Although they developed the interpreter on a simulator and not the actual device, it worked flawlessly when they in March 1. MITS in Albuquerque, New Mexico. MITS agreed to distribute it, marketing it as Altair BASIC. 1. Gates and Allen officially established Microsoft on April 4, 1. Gates as the CEO. 1. The original name of Micro Soft was suggested by Allen. 1. In August 1. 97. 7 the company formed an agreement with ASCII Magazine in Japan, resulting in its first international office, ASCII Microsoft. 2. Microsoft moved to a new home in Bellevue, Washington in January 1. Microsoft entered the operating system OS business in 1. Unix, called Xenix. 2. However, it was MS DOS that solidified the companys dominance. After negotiations with Digital Research failed, IBM awarded a contract to Microsoft in November 1. CPM OS, which was set to be used in the upcoming IBM Personal Computer IBM PC. 2. For this deal, Microsoft purchased a CPM clone called 8. DOS from Seattle Computer Products, which it branded as MS DOS, though IBM rebranded it to PC DOS. Following the release of the IBM PC in August 1. Microsoft retained ownership of MS DOS. Since IBM had copyrighted the IBM PC BIOS, other companies had to reverse engineer it in order for non IBM hardware to run as IBM PC compatibles, but no such restriction applied to the operating systems. Due to various factors, such as MS DOSs available software selection, Microsoft eventually became the leading PC operating systems vendor. 2. The company expanded into new markets with the release of the Microsoft Mouse in 1. Microsoft Press. 1. Paul Allen resigned from Microsoft in 1. Hodgkins disease. Windows and Office. Windows 1. 0 was released on November 2. Microsoft Windows line. Despite having begun jointly developing a new operating system, OS2, with IBM in August 1. Microsoft released Microsoft Windows, a graphical extension for MS DOS, on November 2. Microsoft moved its headquarters to Redmond on February 2. March 1. 3 went public,2. Microsoft employees. 2. Microsoft released its version of OS2 to original equipment manufacturers OEMs on April 2, 1. In 1. 99. 0, due to the partnership with IBM, the Federal Trade Commission set its eye on Microsoft for possible collusion, marking the beginning of over a decade of legal clashes with the U. S. government. 2. Meanwhile, the company was at work on a 3. OS, Microsoft Windows NT, which was heavily based on their copy of the OS2 code. It shipped on July 2. Win. 32application programming interface API, making porting from 1. MS DOS based Windows easier. Once Microsoft informed IBM of NT, the OS2 partnership deteriorated. 3. In 1. 99. 0, Microsoft introduced its office suite, Microsoft Office. The suite bundled separate productivity applications, such as Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel. 1. On May 2. 2, Microsoft launched Windows 3. Intel 3. 86 processor. 3. Both Office and Windows became dominant in their respective areas. 3. On July 2. 7, 1. 99. U. S. Department of Justice, Antitrust Division filed a Competitive Impact Statement that said, in part Beginning in 1. July 1. 5, 1. 99. Microsoft induced many OEMs to execute anti competitive per processor licenses. Under a per processor license, an OEM pays Microsoft a royalty for each computer it sells containing a particular microprocessor, whether the OEM sells the computer with a Microsoft operating system or a non Microsoft operating system. In effect, the royalty payment to Microsoft when no Microsoft product is being used acts as a penalty, or tax, on the OEMs use of a competing PC operating system. Since 1. 98. 8, Microsofts use of per processor licenses has increased. 3. Foray into the Web, Windows 9. Windows XP, and Xbox. Microsoft released the first installment in the Xbox series of consoles in 2. The Xbox, graphically powerful compared to its rivals, featured a standard PCs 7. MHz Intel Pentium III processor. Following Bill Gatess internal Internet Tidal Wave memo on May 2. Microsoft began to redefine its offerings and expand its product line into computer networking and the World Wide Web. 3. The company released Windows 9. August 2. 4, 1. 99. NT, it provided the Win. API. 3. 63. 7 2. Windows 9. 5 came bundled with the online service. MSN which was at first intended to be a competitor to the Internet, and for OEMs Internet Explorer, a web browser. Internet Explorer was not bundled with the retail Windows 9. Windows 9. 5 Plus Branching out into new markets in 1. Microsoft and General Electrics NBC unit created a new 2. MSNBC. 3. 9 Microsoft created Windows CE 1. OS designed for devices with low memory and other constraints, such as personal digital assistants. 4. In October 1. 99. Justice Department filed a motion in the Federal District Court, stating that Microsoft violated an agreement signed in 1. Internet Explorer with Windows. 1. Copyleft is a distinguishing feature of some free software licenses. Many free software licenses are not copyleft licenses because they do not require the licensee to. Search Engine Marketing Glossary SEO SEM Industry Dictionary. Navigation Feedback. Why. 0 9. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZOther Glossaries. All of the definitions on this page are an internal anchor that link to themselves, thus if you wanted to link at the Page. Rank definition on this page you would scroll down to Page. Rank and click on it. Then in the address bar you would see http www. Favor trading is common. We do something nice for someone and they do something nice in return. Several motives might underlie such behavior, including altruism. Why We are often asked what does this mean SEO glossary. So we decided to create this page. Personal experiences make everyone biased, but the bias in any of the following definitions in one which aims to skew toward blunt honest rather than wrapping things in a coat of political correctness and circular cross referenced obscurity. There was no group think hidden agenda applied to this page, and any bias in it should be a known bias mine. Here is a list of some of my known flaws and biases in my world view. This page is licensed under a Creative Commons license. You can modify it, distribute it, sell it, and keep the rights to whatever you make. It is up to you however you want to use any of the content from this page. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2. License. Glossary 0 9 2. Status OK The file request was successful. For example, a page or image was found and loaded properly in a browser. Some poorly developed content management systems return 2. The proper response for file not found is a 4. See also 3. 01. Moved Permanently The file has been moved permanently to a new location. This is the preferred method of redirecting for most pages or websites. If you are going to move an entire site to a new location you may want to test moving a file or folder first, and then if that ranks well you may want to proceed with moving the entire site. Depending on your site authority and crawl frequency it may take anywhere from a few days to a month or so for the 3. See also 3. 02. Found The file has been found, but is temporarily located at another URI. Generally, as it relates to SEO, it is typically best to avoid using 3. Some search engines struggle with redirect handling. Due to poor processing of 3. See also 4. 04. Not Found The server was unable to locate the URL. Some content management systems send 4. Ensure files that exist do give a 2. You may also want to check with your host to see if you can set up a custom 4. Search engines request a robots. Many browsers request a favicon. While neither of these files are necessary, creating them will help keep your log files clean so you can focus on whatever other errors your site might have. See also A Above the Fold. A term traditionally used to describe the top portion of a newspaper. In email or web marketing it means the area of content viewable prior to scrolling. Some people also define above the fold as an ad location at the very top of the screen, but due to banner blindness typical ad locations do not perform as well as ads that are well integrated into content. If ads look like content they typically perform much better. Google launched a top heavy algorithm to penalize sites with excessive ad placement above the fold. See also Absolute Link. A link which shows the full URL of the page being linked at. Some links only show relative link paths instead of having the entire reference URL within the a href tag. Due to canonicalization and hijacking related issues it is typically preferred to use absolute links over relative links. Example absolute linklt a hrefhttp seobook. Cool Stufflt a Example relative linklt a href. folderfilename. Cool Stufflt a Activity Bias Any attempted form of ad targeting might be targeted toward people who are more likely to engage in a particular activity, especially with ad retargeting. Correlation does not mean causation. See also Ad Retargeting see retargetingad. Center. The old name for Microsofts cost per click ad network, later rebranded as Bing Ads. While it has a few cool features including dayparting and demographic based bidding it is still quite nascent in nature compared to Google Ad. Words. Due to Microsofts limited marketshare and program newness many terms are vastly underpriced and present a great arbitrage opportunity. Ad. Sense. Googles contextual advertising network. Publishers large and small may automatically publish relevant advertisements near their content and share the profits from those ad clicks with Google. Ad. Sense offers a highly scalable automated ad revenue stream which will help some publishers establish a baseline for the value of their ad inventory. In many cases Ad. Sense will be underpriced, but that is the trade off for automating ad sales. Ad. Sense ad auction formats includecost per click advertisers are only charged when ads are clicked on. CPM advertisers are charged a certain amount per ad impression. Advertisers can target sites based on keyword, category, or demographic information. Ad. Sense ad formats includetextgraphicanimated graphicsvideos. In some cases I have seen ads which got a 2 or 3 click through rate CTR, while sites that are optimized for maximum CTR through aggressive ad integration can obtain as high as a 5. CTR depending onhow niche their site ishow commercially oriented their site isthe relevancy and depth of advertisers in their vertical It is also worth pointing out that if you are too aggressive in monetizing your site before it has built up adequate authority your site may never gain enough authority to become highly profitable. Depending on your vertical your most efficient monetization model may be any of the following. Ad. Senseaffiliate marketingdirect ad salesselling your own products and services a mixture of the above See also Ad. Words. Googles advertisement and link auction network. Most of Googles ads are keyword targeted and sold on a cost per click basis in an auction which factors in ad clickthrough rate as well as max bid. Google is looking into expanding their ad network to include video ads, demographic targeting, affiliate ads, radio ads, and traditional print ads. Ad. Words is an increasingly complex marketplace. One could write a 3. Ad. Words. Rather than doing that here I thought it would be useful to link to many relevant resources. See also Ad Heavy Page Layout see Top HeavyAffiliate Marketing. Affiliate marketing programs allows merchants to expand their market reach and mindshare by paying independent agents on a cost per action CPA basis. Affiliates only get paid if visitors complete an action. Most affiliates make next to nothing because they are not aggressive marketers, have no real focus, fall for wasting money on instant wealth programs that lead them to buying a bunch of unneeded garbage via others affiliate links, and do not attempt to create any real value. Some power affiliates make hundreds of thousands or millions of dollars per year because they are heavily focused on automation andor tap large traffic streams. Typically niche affiliate sites make more per unit effort than overtly broad ones because they are easier to focus and thus have a higher conversion rate. Selling a conversion is typically harder than selling a click like Ad. Sense does, for instance. Search engines are increasingly looking to remove the noise low quality thin affiliate sites ad to the search results through the use of. See also Age. Some social networks or search systems may take site age, page age, user account age, and related historical data into account when determining how much to trust that person, website, or document. Some specialty search engines, like blog search engines, may also boost the relevancy of new documents. Fresh content which is also cited on many other channels like related blogs will temporarily rank better than you might expect because many of the other channels which cite the content will cite it off their home page or a well trusted high Page. Rank page. After those sites publish more content and the reference page falls into their archives those links are typically from pages which do not have as much link authority as their home pages. Some search engines may also try to classify sites to understand what type of sites they are, as in news sites or reference sites that do not need updated that often. They may also look at individual pages and try to classify them based on how frequently they change. See also AJAXAsynchronous Java. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |